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Portuguese from scratch

A beginner course in Brazilian Portuguese for English speakers — thirteen hand-crafted lessons that take you from the very first sounds to your first real conversation. Every phrase has audio; every explanation is in plain English.

1

Pronunciation, alphabet & first greetings

The sounds of Portuguese — and enough polite words to open any conversation.

Welcome to Brazilian Portuguese! The good news: the letters are the same ones you already know from English, so there is no new alphabet to memorise. What you need are a handful of sound rules — most of them completely regular. Learn the table below and you will be able to read almost any Portuguese word out loud, even one you have never seen.

Os sonsThe sound table

These are the letters and clusters that do not behave like English. Tap 🔊 to hear a real example.

Letter / clusterHow it soundsExampleSay it like
ãoA nasal "ow", pushed through the nose — the most Portuguese sound there is.nãonow(ng)
nhLike the ny in "canyon" (Spanish ñ).vinhoVEEN-yoo
lhLike the lli in "million".filhoFEE-lyoo
chLike English sh — never "ch"!chaveSHAH-vee
j / ge / giLike the s in "measure".janelazhah-NEH-lah
r / rrA single r between vowels is a quick tap; rr or an r at the start of a word sounds like a strong English h.caroKAH-roo
s between vowelsSounds like z.casaKAH-zah
çAlways like s — never "k".coraçãokoh-rah-SOW(ng)
final o / eUnstressed at the end of a word they weaken to "oo" and "ee".obrigadooh-bree-GAH-doo
The five vowels are pure. Just like Spanish or Italian, a-e-i-o-u each keep one clean sound — "ah, eh, ee, oh, oo". The little marks (á, ê, ã, ç) tell you where to stress or how to nasalise; they never turn a vowel into a different letter.

SaudaçõesFirst greetings

The words you will use in the first ten seconds of every conversation:

PortugueseSay it likeEnglish
Oláoh-LAHHello
OioyHi (very common in Brazil)
Bom diabohng JEE-ahGood morning
Boa tardeBOH-ah TAR-jeeGood afternoon
Boa noiteBOH-ah NOY-cheeGood evening / good night
TchauchowBye
Até logoah-TEH LOH-gooSee you later
Por favorpoor fah-VORPlease
Obrigadooh-bree-GAH-dooThank you said by a man
Obrigadaoh-bree-GAH-dahThank you said by a woman
Desculpejees-KOOL-peeSorry / excuse me
SimseengYes
Nãonow(ng)No
Thank you has a gender. Say obrigado if you are male and obrigada if you are female — it agrees with the speaker, not the listener. This is the single most useful habit to build on day one.

Como vai?Asking how someone is

YouComo você está?How are you? (lit. "how you are?")
FriendEstou bem, obrigada.I'm fine, thank you.
FriendE você?And you?
YouEstou bem, obrigado. Até mais tarde!I'm fine, thank you. See you later!
💡 Tip The letter ç (c-cedilha) is always an s sound, and it never appears before e or i — you will only ever see it before a, o, u, as in coração (heart) or açúcar (sugar).

ExercíciosExercises

1. Say these in Portuguese
  1. Hello ← Olá
  2. Good afternoon ← Boa tarde
  3. See you later ← Até logo
  4. Please ← Por favor
  5. Thank you (if you are a woman) ← Obrigada
2. Read aloud, then check the sound
  1. vinho ← VEEN-yoo — nh = "ny", final o = "oo"
  2. chave ← SHAH-vee — ch = "sh"
  3. casa ← KAH-zah — s between vowels = "z"
  4. Como você está? ← How are you?