Portuguese from scratch
A beginner course in Brazilian Portuguese for English speakers — thirteen hand-crafted lessons that take you from the very first sounds to your first real conversation. Every phrase has audio; every explanation is in plain English.
Pronunciation, alphabet & first greetings
The sounds of Portuguese — and enough polite words to open any conversation.
Welcome to Brazilian Portuguese! The good news: the letters are the same ones you already know from English, so there is no new alphabet to memorise. What you need are a handful of sound rules — most of them completely regular. Learn the table below and you will be able to read almost any Portuguese word out loud, even one you have never seen.
Os sonsThe sound table
These are the letters and clusters that do not behave like English. Tap 🔊 to hear a real example.
| Letter / cluster | How it sounds | Example | Say it like |
|---|---|---|---|
| ão | A nasal "ow", pushed through the nose — the most Portuguese sound there is. | não | now(ng) |
| nh | Like the ny in "canyon" (Spanish ñ). | vinho | VEEN-yoo |
| lh | Like the lli in "million". | filho | FEE-lyoo |
| ch | Like English sh — never "ch"! | chave | SHAH-vee |
| j / ge / gi | Like the s in "measure". | janela | zhah-NEH-lah |
| r / rr | A single r between vowels is a quick tap; rr or an r at the start of a word sounds like a strong English h. | caro | KAH-roo |
| s between vowels | Sounds like z. | casa | KAH-zah |
| ç | Always like s — never "k". | coração | koh-rah-SOW(ng) |
| final o / e | Unstressed at the end of a word they weaken to "oo" and "ee". | obrigado | oh-bree-GAH-doo |
SaudaçõesFirst greetings
The words you will use in the first ten seconds of every conversation:
| Portuguese | Say it like | English |
|---|---|---|
| Olá | oh-LAH | Hello |
| Oi | oy | Hi (very common in Brazil) |
| Bom dia | bohng JEE-ah | Good morning |
| Boa tarde | BOH-ah TAR-jee | Good afternoon |
| Boa noite | BOH-ah NOY-chee | Good evening / good night |
| Tchau | chow | Bye |
| Até logo | ah-TEH LOH-goo | See you later |
| Por favor | poor fah-VOR | Please |
| Obrigado | oh-bree-GAH-doo | Thank you said by a man |
| Obrigada | oh-bree-GAH-dah | Thank you said by a woman |
| Desculpe | jees-KOOL-pee | Sorry / excuse me |
| Sim | seeng | Yes |
| Não | now(ng) | No |
Como vai?Asking how someone is
ExercíciosExercises
- Hello ← Olá
- Good afternoon ← Boa tarde
- See you later ← Até logo
- Please ← Por favor
- Thank you (if you are a woman) ← Obrigada
- vinho ← VEEN-yoo — nh = "ny", final o = "oo"
- chave ← SHAH-vee — ch = "sh"
- casa ← KAH-zah — s between vowels = "z"
- Como você está? ← How are you?
Free vocabulary: cognates & false friends
Hundreds of words you already know — and a few traps to sidestep.
Here is a gift English speakers get for free: Portuguese and English share thousands of cognates — words that look alike and mean the same thing. Learn the simple sound-swaps below and your vocabulary explodes overnight. Then we will meet the false friends: words that look familiar but mean something else entirely.
CognatosWords you already know
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| animal | animal |
| hospital | hospital |
| natural | natural |
| diferente | different |
| futuro | future |
| importante | important |
| inteligente | intelligent |
| problema | problem |
Falsos amigosFalse friends — handle with care
| Portuguese | Really means | Not… |
|---|---|---|
| fábrica | factory | not "fabric" |
| pasta | folder | not "pasta" |
| gravar | to record | not "to engrave" |
| pretender | to intend | not "to pretend" |
| assistir | to watch | not "to assist" |
| atual | current | not "actual" |
| eventualmente | possibly | not "eventually" |
| livraria | bookstore | not "library" (that's biblioteca) |
ExercíciosExercises
- animal ← animal
- important ← importante
- factory ← fábrica
- to intend ← pretender
- bookstore ← livraria
- assistir ← to watch
- atual ← current
- eventualmente ← possibly
- pasta ← folder
Introducing yourself
Your name, where you are from, and a warm "nice to meet you".
Now let's put a few words together into your first self-introduction. In Brazil people are friendly and informal, so this is one of the easiest things to do well. You only need three moves: greet, give your name, say where you are from.
Me apresentoThe core phrases
| Portuguese | Say it like | English |
|---|---|---|
| Oi | oy | Hi |
| Meu nome é… | MEH-oo NOH-mee eh | My name is… |
| Eu sou de… | eh-oo soh jee | I'm from… |
| Prazer em conhecê-lo | prah-ZEHR eng koo-nyeh-SEH-loo | Nice to meet you |
| Como você está? | KOH-moo voh-SEH es-TAH | How are you? |
| E você? | ee voh-SEH | And you? |
GramáticaThe word "você"
Você is the everyday Brazilian word for "you". It is friendly and neutral — you can use it with almost anyone. One quirk to remember: even though it means "you", it takes the he/she form of the verb.
So the same verb form covers "he", "she" and "you" — one less thing to learn.
DiálogoTwo people meet
ExercíciosExercises
- Hi ← Oi
- I'm from… ← Eu sou de…
- How are you? ← Como você está?
- Hi, my name is Ana ← Oi, meu nome é Ana
- Eu sou de São Paulo. ← I'm from São Paulo.
- Prazer em conhecê-lo, Ana. ← Nice to meet you, Ana.
- Estou bem, obrigado, e você? ← I'm fine, thank you, and you?
Numbers 1–100 and age
Count, give your phone number, tell your age and understand a price.
Numbers turn up everywhere — prices, ages, phone numbers, addresses. Portuguese numbers are very regular, so once you know the tens you can build everything in between with the little word e ("and").
Os númerosCounting the tens
| Portuguese | Say it like | English |
|---|---|---|
| um | oong | one |
| dois | doys | two |
| dez | dehz | ten |
| vinte | VEEN-chee | twenty |
| trinta | TREEN-tah | thirty |
| quarenta | kwah-REN-tah | forty |
| cinquenta | seen-KWEN-tah | fifty |
| sessenta | seh-SEN-tah | sixty |
| setenta | seh-TEN-tah | seventy |
| oitenta | oy-TEN-tah | eighty |
| noventa | noh-VEN-tah | ninety |
| cem | seng | one hundred |
GramáticaTwo number rules
Building numbers in between is easy — just join with e ("and"): vinte e cinco = twenty-five, quarenta e dois = forty-two.
Exactly 100 is cem; from 101 it becomes cento: cento e um = one hundred and one.
Idade e preçoAge, phones and prices
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| Quantos anos você tem? | How old are you? lit. "how many years do you have?" |
| Eu tenho vinte e cinco anos. | I am twenty-five years old. |
| Qual é o seu número de telefone? | What is your phone number? |
| Meu número é… | My number is… |
| Quanto custa isso? | How much does this cost? |
| Isso custa cinquenta reais. | This costs fifty reais. |
ExercíciosExercises
- twenty ← vinte
- fifty ← cinquenta
- one hundred ← cem
- What is your phone number? ← Qual é o seu número de telefone?
- Quantos anos você tem? ← How old are you?
- Eu tenho vinte e cinco anos. ← I am twenty-five years old.
- Quanto custa isso? ← How much does this cost?
People and family
Name the family, point people out, and describe them in one line.
Family is where real conversations begin. In this lesson you will name the closest relatives, learn how to point someone out — "this is my…" — and add a simple description.
A famíliaFamily members
| Portuguese | Say it like | English |
|---|---|---|
| pai | pie | father |
| mãe | my(ng) | mother |
| irmão | eer-MOW(ng) | brother |
| irmã | eer-MAH(ng) | sister |
| filho | FEE-lyoo | son |
| filha | FEE-lyah | daughter |
GramáticaArticles & possessives agree
Every noun in Portuguese is masculine or feminine, and the little words around it must match:
| Masculine | Feminine | |
|---|---|---|
| "the" | o pai | a mãe |
| "my" | meu irmão | minha irmã |
| "the" (plural) | os filhos | as filhas |
DescreverPointing out & describing
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| Este é o meu pai. | This is my father. |
| Esta é a minha mãe. | This is my mother. |
| Ele é alto. | He is tall. |
| Ela é baixa. | She is short. |
| Meu irmão é engraçado. | My brother is funny. |
| Minha irmã é inteligente. | My sister is intelligent. |
DiálogoWho's who
ExercíciosExercises
- father ← pai
- sister ← irmã
- This is my father ← Este é o meu pai
- She is short ← Ela é baixa
- Quem é ele? ← Who is he?
- Ela é minha filha. ← She is my daughter.
- Sim, somos uma família grande. ← Yes, we are a big family.
Your first verbs in the presentgrammar
Four everyday verbs — and the moment you start building sentences yourself.
This is the lesson where Portuguese clicks. In Portuguese the ending of the verb tells you who is doing the action, so the subject is often dropped. We will meet the four verbs you will use most: ser (to be), ter (to have), querer (to want) and ir (to go).
ConjugaçãoFour verbs, three persons
| ser to be | ter to have | querer to want | ir to go | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eu (I) | sou | tenho | quero | vou |
| você / ele / ela | é | tem | quer | vai |
Regular verbsThe -ar pattern in a nutshell
Regular verbs are even easier. Drop the ending and add the personal ending. For falar (to speak):
| Person | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|
| eu | falo | I speak |
| você / ele / ela | fala | you / he / she speaks |
| nós | falamos | we speak |
| eles / elas / vocês | falam | they / you (pl.) speak |
FrasesPutting them to work
ExercíciosExercises
- I am ← Eu sou
- I have ← Eu tenho
- I want ← Eu quero
- Do you want coffee? ← Você quer café?
- Ela vai. ← She goes / she is going.
- Ela vai ao mercado? ← Is she going to the market?
- Sim, eu quero. ← Yes, I want (to).
Asking questions
Who, what, where, when, why and how — the keys that unlock conversation.
Questions are how you keep a conversation alive. The best news for English speakers: Portuguese has no inverted question marks and needs no helper word like "do". Very often you just raise your voice at the end.
As perguntasQuestion words
| Portuguese | Say it like | English |
|---|---|---|
| O que…? | oo kee | What…? |
| Quem…? | keng | Who…? |
| Onde…? | OHN-jee | Where…? |
| Quando…? | KWAN-doo | When…? |
| Por que…? | poor KEH | Why…? |
| Como…? | KOH-moo | How…? |
| Qual…? | kwow | Which / what…? |
Na práticaQuestions you'll actually use
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| O que é isso? | What is this? |
| Onde você mora? | Where do you live? |
| Quando é o seu aniversário? | When is your birthday? |
| Qual é o seu nome? | What is your name? |
| Onde fica o banheiro? | Where is the bathroom? |
| Por que você está aqui? | Why are you here? |
| Como você faz isso? | How do you do that? |
| Você sabe onde fica a estação? | Do you know where the station is? |
ExercíciosExercises
- What is this? ← O que é isso?
- Who is he? ← Quem é ele?
- What is your name? ← Qual é o seu nome?
- Where do you live? ← Onde você mora?
- Onde fica o banheiro? ← Where is the bathroom?
- Como você faz isso? ← How do you do that?
- Você sabe onde fica a estação? ← Do you know where the station is?
Food: ordering and asking
Order a coffee, ask what's good, and get the bill without a hitch.
Eating out is one of the great pleasures of Brazil — and a perfect place to practise. A handful of polite phrases will carry you from "table for two" all the way to "the bill, please".
No restauranteUseful phrases
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| Tem uma mesa para dois? | Is there a table for two? |
| Posso ver o cardápio? | Can I see the menu? |
| O que você recomenda? | What do you recommend? |
| Eu quero um café. | I want a coffee. |
| Eu gostaria de uma água, por favor. | I'd like a water, please. |
| Tem algo vegetariano? | Is there something vegetarian? |
| Está delicioso! | It's delicious! |
| A conta, por favor. | The bill, please. |
| Você aceita cartão? | Do you accept card? |
GramáticaThe polite "I'd like" & gostar de
Eu gostaria de… ("I would like…") is the softest, most polite way to order. And notice a key pattern: the verb gostar ("to like") always needs de after it.
DiálogoAt the table
ExercíciosExercises
- I want a coffee. ← Eu quero um café.
- It's delicious! ← Está delicioso!
- The bill, please. ← A conta, por favor.
- Can I see the menu? ← Posso ver o cardápio?
- Tem uma mesa para dois? ← Is there a table for two?
- Claro, mais alguma coisa? ← Sure, anything else?
- Você aceita cartão? ← Do you accept card?
Getting around town
Ask directions, catch the right bus, and buy a ticket.
Finding your way is a survival skill. With a few key questions you can ask where something is, how to get there, and which bus to take — and understand the answer.
DireçõesDirections & transport
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| Você pode me ajudar? | Can you help me? |
| Eu estou perdido. | I am lost. |
| Como eu chego à estação de metrô? | How do I get to the subway station? |
| Onde é o ponto de ônibus? | Where is the bus stop? |
| Quanto custa a passagem? | How much does the ticket cost? |
| Vire à direita. | Turn right. |
| Vire à esquerda. | Turn left. |
| Siga em frente. | Go straight ahead. |
| A estação está longe daqui? | Is the station far from here? |
GramáticaThe magic verb "ficar"
One verb does a lot of work in the city: ficar. It can mean "to be located", "to stay", and even "to become".
DiálogoWhich bus?
ExercíciosExercises
- Where is the bathroom? ← Onde fica o banheiro?
- I am lost. ← Eu estou perdido.
- Turn right. ← Vire à direita.
- Go straight ahead. ← Siga em frente.
- Você pode me mostrar no mapa? ← Can you show me on the map?
- A estação está longe daqui? ← Is the station far from here?
- Sim, vai direto para lá. ← Yes, it goes directly there.
Time: hours, days and plans
Tell the time, name the days, and make a plan to meet.
To arrange anything you need time words. Telling the time in Portuguese is straightforward, and the days of the week have one delightful quirk you will remember forever: most of them are simply numbered.
As horasTelling the time
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| Que horas são? | What time is it? |
| É uma hora. | It is one o'clock. |
| São duas horas. | It is two o'clock. |
| Meio-dia | Noon |
| Meia-noite | Midnight |
Os diasDays of the week
| Portuguese | English | Literally |
|---|---|---|
| Segunda-feira | Monday | "second" |
| Terça-feira | Tuesday | "third" |
| Quarta-feira | Wednesday | "fourth" |
| Quinta-feira | Thursday | "fifth" |
| Sexta-feira | Friday | "sixth" |
| Sábado | Saturday | (Sabbath) |
| Domingo | Sunday | (Lord's day) |
DiálogoMaking a plan
ExercíciosExercises
- What time is it? ← Que horas são?
- Noon ← Meio-dia
- Friday ← Sexta-feira
- At three o'clock. ← Às três horas.
- Vamos nos encontrar na sexta-feira? ← Shall we meet on Friday?
- Que tal sábado? ← How about Saturday?
- Perfeito, às dez da manhã. ← Perfect, at ten in the morning.
Shopping and money
Ask the price, try things on, bargain a little, and pay your way.
From a boutique to a street market, shopping is all about a few reliable phrases. Ask the price, ask for a different size, and know how you'd like to pay.
Nas comprasPrices, sizes, paying
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| Quanto custa? | How much does it cost? |
| Qual é o preço? | What is the price? |
| É muito caro. | It's too expensive. |
| É barato. | It's cheap. |
| Tem desconto? | Is there a discount? |
| Você tem um tamanho maior? | Do you have a larger size? |
| Preciso de um tamanho menor. | I need a smaller size. |
| Posso experimentar? | Can I try it on? |
| Aceita cartão de crédito? | Do you accept credit card? |
| Posso pagar em dinheiro? | Can I pay in cash? |
DiálogoBuying a shirt
ExercíciosExercises
- How much does it cost? ← Quanto custa?
- Do you accept credit card? ← Aceita cartão de crédito?
- Is there a discount? ← Tem desconto?
- Can I try it on? ← Posso experimentar?
- Preciso de um tamanho menor. ← I need a smaller size.
- Custa cinquenta reais. ← It costs fifty reais.
- Sim, aceitamos. ← Yes, we do (accept).
Recent past and simple futuregrammar
Say what you did yesterday and what you'll do tomorrow.
With the present tense mastered, you can stretch in both directions. Two easy tools cover most everyday conversation: a simple past for "yesterday I…", and the Brazilian spoken future, which is refreshingly easy.
GramáticaThe spoken future = ir + verb
Brazilians almost never use the textbook future. Instead they use ir ("to go") in the present, plus the plain verb — exactly like English "going to".
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| eu vou trabalhar | I'm going to work |
| você vai comer | you're going to eat |
| ela vai estudar | she's going to study |
Ontem & amanhãYesterday and tomorrow
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| Ontem eu trabalhei. | Yesterday I worked. |
| Amanhã eu vou trabalhar. | Tomorrow I will work. |
| Ontem eu comi pizza. | Yesterday I ate pizza. |
| Ontem eu estudei português. | Yesterday I studied Portuguese. |
| Amanhã eu vou estudar espanhol. | Tomorrow I will study Spanish. |
| Ontem eu fui ao supermercado. | Yesterday I went to the supermarket. |
DiálogoWork talk
ExercíciosExercises
- Yesterday I worked. ← Ontem eu trabalhei.
- Tomorrow I will work. ← Amanhã eu vou trabalhar.
- Yesterday I studied Portuguese. ← Ontem eu estudei português.
- Did you work yesterday? ← Você trabalhou ontem?
- Ontem eu fui ao supermercado. ← Yesterday I went to the supermarket.
- Sim, trabalhei o dia todo. ← Yes, I worked all day.
- Não, amanhã vou descansar. ← No, tomorrow I will rest.
Your first real conversation
Everything so far, woven into one natural chat — plus the Brazilian magic words.
This is the finish line — and the starting line. Here everything comes together: greet, introduce yourself, ask a question, share something about yourself, and say a warm goodbye. Read the whole dialogue aloud until it flows.
Palavras mágicasThe Brazilian magic words
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| Tudo bem? | How's it going? lit. "all well?" — also the reply |
| Legal! | Cool! / Great! |
| A gente vai… | We're going… "a gente" replaces "nós" in speech — with a singular verb |
ConversaThe full conversation
ExercíciosExercises
- Hello! ← Olá!
- And you? ← E você?
- Where are you from? ← De onde você é?
- Yes, I like it a lot. ← Sim, eu gosto muito.
- Tudo bem? ← How's it going? / How are you?
- Foi um prazer conversar com você. ← It was a pleasure talking to you.
- Igualmente! Até logo! ← Likewise! See you later!